Text att bearbeta/text to elaborate
Bvs-> Do a systems integrated approach of the below but including secondary influenced/influencing systems loops. On important question is in what way outer influence inner hair cells and which different functions/systems can influence both or either?
Evidence of cochlear neural degeneration in normal-hearing subjects with tinnitus https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-46741-5
“Tinnitus, reduced sound-level tolerance, and difficulties hearing in noisy environments are the most common complaints associated with sensorineural hearing loss in adult populations. This study aims to clarify if cochlear neural degeneration estimated in a large pool of participants with normal audiograms is associated with self-report of tinnitus using a test battery probing the different stages of the auditory processing from hair cell responses to the auditory reflexes of the brainstem. Self-report of chronic tinnitus was significantly associated with (1) reduced cochlear nerve responses, (2) weaker middle-ear muscle reflexes, (3) stronger medial olivocochlear efferent reflexes and (4) hyperactivity in the central auditory pathways. These results support the model of tinnitus generation whereby decreased neural activity from a damaged cochlea can elicit hyperactivity from decreased inhibition in the central nervous system.”
Svenska
Tecken på cochleär neural degeneration hos normalhörande patienter med tinnitus
”Tinnitus, minskad ljudnivåtolerans och svårigheter att höra i bullriga miljöer är de vanligaste besvären i samband med sensorineural hörselnedsättning i vuxna populationer. Denna studie syftar till att klargöra om cochleär neural degeneration uppskattad i en stor pool av deltagare med normala audiogram är förknippad med självrapportering av tinnitus med hjälp av ett testbatteri som undersöker de olika stadierna av den auditiva bearbetningen från hårcellssvar till hjärnstammens hörselreflexer. Självrapportering av kronisk tinnitus var signifikant associerad med (1) minskade cochleanervsvar, (2) svagare muskelreflexer i mellanörat, (3) starkare mediala olivokokleära efferenta reflexer och (4) hyperaktivitet i de centrala hörselbanorna. Dessa resultat stöder modellen för tinnitusgenerering där minskad neural aktivitet från en skadad cochlea kan framkalla hyperaktivitet från minskad hämning i det centrala nervsystemet.”
Evaluation of Medial Olivocochlear Neural Efferent Pathway in Tinnitus Perception in Normal-hearing Individuals https://www.tinnitusjournal.com/articles/evaluation-of-medial-olivocochlear-neural-efferent-pathway-in-tinnitus-perception-in-normalhearing-individuals-19938.html
“Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate a possible role of the Medial Olivocochlear (MOC) efferent neural pathway and neural connections responsible for tinnitus generation in silence/sensory deprivation.
Design: By placing normal hearing participants in a sound booth for 10 minutes, silence/sensory deprivation was created. This offered assessment of MOC neural pathway in normal hearing participants in silence. Hyperactivity of MOC neural pathway was assessed by its more suppressive effect on Transient Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) in silence. The required auditory measurements were recorded in the sound booth using recommended diagnostic protocols to ensure the effect of ‘only silence’ on auditory structures. TEOAE were recorded from the right ear and suppression was measured by placing noise in the left ear. Fifty-eight normal hearing male individuals between age 18-35 years were recruited as participants in this study.
Results: Approximately, forty-one percent of the participants perceived some type of tinnitus during/after 10 minutes of silence. No statistically significant difference was found in the total TEOAE amplitude and TEOAE suppression amplitude before and after ten minutes of silence. Post silence total TEOAE suppression between tinnitus perceiving and non-perceiving tinnitus participants were not statistically significantly different.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the medial olivocochlear efferent pathway or lower brain stem area does not appear to play a role in the emergence of temporary tinnitus in silence however indicate the involvement of higher central auditory nervous system structures in perception of the tinnitus which support the well-accepted notion that tinnitus is the central auditory processing phenomenon”
Svenska
Utvärdering av medial olivokokleär neural efferent väg vid tinnitusperception hos normalhörande individer https://www.tinnitusjournal.com/articles/evaluation-of-medial-olivocochlear-neural-efferent-pathway-in-tinnitus-perception-in-normalhearing-individuals-19938.html
”Abstrakt
Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka en möjlig roll för den mediala olivokokleära (MOC) efferenta neurala vägen och neurala anslutningar som är ansvariga för tinnitusgenerering i tystnad/sensorisk deprivation.
Design: Genom att placera normalhörande deltagare i ett ljudbås i 10 minuter skapades tystnad/sensorisk deprivation. Detta erbjöd bedömning av MOC neurala bana hos normalt hörande deltagare i tystnad. Hyperaktiviteten i MOC-nervbanan bedömdes utifrån dess mer undertryckande effekt på transienta otoakustiska emissioner (TEOAEs) i tystnad. De nödvändiga auditiva mätningarna spelades in i ljudbåset med hjälp av rekommenderade diagnostiska protokoll för att säkerställa effekten av ”endast tystnad” på hörselstrukturer. TEOAE registrerades från höger öra och dämpningen mättes genom att placera buller i vänster öra. Femtioåtta normalhörande män mellan 18-35 år rekryterades som deltagare i denna studie.
Resultat: Ungefär 41 procent av deltagarna upplevde någon typ av tinnitus under/efter 10 minuters tystnad. Ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad hittades i den totala TEOAE-amplituden och TEOAE-suppressionsamplituden före och efter tio minuters tystnad. Efter tystnad var den totala TEOAE-hämningen mellan tinnitusuppfattande och icke-uppfattande tinnitusdeltagare inte statistiskt signifikant olika.
Slutsats: Dessa resultat tyder på att den mediala olivokokleära efferenta vägen eller det nedre hjärnstamsområdet inte verkar spela någon roll i uppkomsten av tillfällig tinnitus i tystnad, men indikerar att högre strukturer i det centrala hörselnervsystemet är involverade i uppfattningen av tinnitus, vilket stöder den väl accepterade uppfattningen att tinnitus är det centrala auditiva bearbetningsfenomenet.
Links to elaborate
Olivocochlear Efferents: Their action, effects, measurement and uses, and the impact of the new conception of cochlear mechanical responses – PMC BvS OBSOBSOBS
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5911200/
Synaptic Inhibition of Medial Olivocochlear Efferent Neurons by Neurons of the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body | Journal of Neuroscience BvS kanske …
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/40/3/509#:~:text=SIGNIFICANCE%20STATEMENT%20Medial%20olivocochlear%20(MOC,modulate%20perception%20of%20acoustic%20stimuli.
medial Olivocochlear bundle location in pons – Sök på Google se många bilder
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F223253350%2Ffigure%2Ffig3%2FAS%3A305300264505349%401449800663515%2FThe-central-auditory-pathways-extend-from-the-cochlear-nucleus-to-the-auditory-cortex.png&tbnid=jCYrhWP9bRKoTM&vet=1&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FThe-central-auditory-pathways-extend-from-the-cochlear-nucleus-to-the-auditory-cortex_fig3_223253350&docid=q8-EWLhAZmHwtM&w=702&h=965&itg=1&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim%2Fm4%2F2&kgs=1adc02990538aa35&shem=abme%2Ctrie#imgrc=jK0Sq5fl3m3WjM&imgdii=jCYrhWP9bRKoTM
The central auditory pathways extend from the cochlear nucleus to the… | Download Scientific Diagram Bild o text
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-central-auditory-pathways-extend-from-the-cochlear-nucleus-to-the-auditory-cortex_fig3_223253350
Superior Olivary Complex – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics OBS
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/superior-olivary-complex
Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Interneurons Are Located in the Posteroventral Cochlear Nucleus: A Kainic Acid Lesion Study in Guinea Pigs – PMC
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1815216/
What is the role of the medial olivocochlear system in speech-in-noise processing? – PMC OBS OBS
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311680/#:~:text=The%20medial%20olivocochlear%20(MOC)%20bundle,through%20reflexive%20activation%20by%20sound.
Olivocochlear System – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics feedback från pons till cochlea, multidisciplinary
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/olivocochlear-system
Olivocochlear System – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics outer and inner hair cells NB NB NB https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/olivocochlear-system
what systems/functions can influence puter hair cells? – Sök på Google
https://www.google.com/search?q=what+systems%2Ffunctions+can+influence+puter+hair+cells%3F&oq=what+systems%2Ffunctions+can+influence+puter+hair+cells%3F&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCTYwMjIxajBqNKgCAbACAQ&client=ms-android-samsung-ss&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8&chrome_dse_attribution=1
Hair cell – Wikipedia glutamate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_cell
Inner and Outer Hair Cells
https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/specialties/ear-nose-and-throat/for-patients/how-ear-works/inner-and-outer-hair-cells
Outer Hair Cell – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/outer-hair-cell
,,,,,
More is coming when nedeed